In 1919 Rutherford had discovered the proton ... that the atomic number (number of protons in the nucleus, equivalent to the positive charge of the atom) was less than the atomic mass (average ...

But in the early 1930s, scientists discovered that ... of a second. The atom is a complex system of particles. It’s made up of a central nucleus consisting of protons and neutrons, called ...

As if atoms weren’t already mind-blowingly small, never mind subatomic particles, CERN researchers in the CMS Collaboration were sifting through data from the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and ...

When building an atom, pay close attention to the particles' electrical charges. Protons have a charge of +1. Electrons have a charge of -1. Neutrons are neutral, as its name implies. A stable ...