A murmur is due to turbulence of blood flow and ... The S3 can be normal, at times, but may be pathologic. A S4 heart sound is almost always pathologic. Heart sounds can be described by their ...

S4 is heard immediately before S1 ... or those who have had an acute myocardial infarction (heart attack). Heart murmurs are extra sounds that can be heard during systole, diastole, or as a ...

An S4 heart sound cannot be present during atrial ... from V waves due to severe tricuspid regurgitation. A holosystolic murmur at the left lower sternal border louder with inspiration is due ...