From reproductive rights to climate change to Big Tech, The Independent is on ... casts a ballot in the runoff. What does white or black smoke mean during a papal transition?

Read More: In the Vatican Movie Conclave, Big Secrets Are Revealed ... of the voting process through smoke signals created by the burning of ballots. White smoke means that cardinals have selected a ...

If no pope is chosen, the ballots are mixed with cartridges containing potassium perchlorate, anthracene (a component of coal tar), and sulfur to produce black smoke. But if there is a winner ...

anthracene (a component of coal tar), and sulfur to produce black smoke. But if there is a winner, the burning ballots are mixed with potassium chlorate, lactose and chloroform resin to produce the ...

Black smoke means the election of a new pope was inconclusive. White smoke means a new pope has been selected.

Black smoke means the election of a new pope was inconclusive. White smoke means a new pope has been selected.

And once the election process for a new pope begins, gatherers will turn upward each day, waiting for black or white smoke to fill the sky. Francis died on Easter Monday, April 21. He was 88 years ...

And once the election process for a new pope begins, gatherers will turn upward each day, waiting for black or white smoke to fill the sky. Francis died on Easter Monday, April 21. He was 88 years ...