2010). Duarte et al. (2009) asserted that, because of multiple shifting baselines, the restoration of coastal ecosystems to an idealized past reference status after removal of human-induced ...

When suitable contemporary references do not exist, techniques that estimate past conditions can be employed to reconstruct what the pre-disturbance ecosystem may have been like. Sources of this ...

A new study has uncovered evidence of far-reaching ecosystem consequences following the disappearance of Great white sharks (Carcharodon carcharias) from False Bay, South Africa. The research spans ...