A programming language structure wherein the data and their associated processing ("methods") are defined as self-contained entities called "objects." Becoming popular in the early 1990s and the norm ...

Define messages and values. All the text in dialogs and messages must be defined. Any constants, such as formulas, must be defined, as well as starting and ending points, which are often part of the ...

An operations research technique that solves problems in which an optimal value is sought subject to specified constraints. Mathematical programming models include linear programming, quadratic ...