Uranium is present in nature as three isotopes — 238 U, 235 U and 234 U (99.28%, 0.73% and 0.005% abundance, respectively) — but these have very similar properties and are therefore difficult ...

The breakthrough involves fluorine, which forms the second strongest carbon bond (C-F) known to science, after the carbon-silicon (C-Si) bond. Fluorine is one of the most fundamental elements of life.

This is done by choosing isotopes that: Positron emission tomography (PET) scans use a positron emitter as the contamination tracer. These tracer materials, such as fluorine-18, have very short ...