In current European and American revascularization guidelines, RA grafts are now strongly endorsed as the second conduit for ...

Other common risk factors for MVD include: Coronary artery spasms (CAS) happen when the muscles within the heart's arteries suddenly tighten, temporarily narrowing the arteries. This narrowing can ...

A heart attack may also be the result of coronary artery spasm. Some individuals have a higher risk of a heart attack, including those who are smokers, have hypertension, are obese, have diabetes ...

Coronary artery disease is the most common cause of ... Note that esophageal spasm — although a relatively uncommon cause of chest pain — can be relieved with nitroglycerine, mimicking angina.

Prinzmetal’s angina — also known as variant angina or angina inversa — occurs with coronary artery vasospasm resulting ... purpose any longer since the spasm can be severe and result in ...