Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment by harnessing the power of T cells to attack tumors. But, even when these treatments are successful, scientists often struggle to understand exactly ...

Cell membranes protect and organize cells. All cells have an outer plasma membrane that regulates not only what enters the cell, but also how much of any given substance comes in. Unlike prokaryotes, ...

Dendritic cell receptors, in particular C‐type lectins such as DC-SIGN, play a pivotal role in the immune response by recognising and internalising diverse glycan structures present on pathogens. The ...

CD8 + cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) serve as central effectors in cancer immunotherapy by directly eliminating tumor cells. However, current clinical therapies face significant limitations. These ...