St. Paul is a city in St. Charles County, Missouri, United States. The population was 1,829 at the 2010 census. A post office called Saint P…St. Paul is a city in St. Charles County, Missouri, United States. The population was 1,829 at the 2010 census. A post office called Saint Paul was established in 1875, and remained in operation until 1964. The community takes its name from a local Roman Catholic church of the same name.